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Metaphysics --- Philosophy of nature --- Substance (Philosophy)

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Ontology --- Reality --- Being --- Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy)

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Roman Ingarden (1893-1970), one of Husserl’s closest students and friends, ranks among the most eminent of the first generation of phenomenologists. His magisterial Controversy over the Existence of the World, written during the years of World War II in occupied Poland, consists of a fundamental defense of realism in phenomenology. Volume I, which receives here its first complete and critical translation into English, initiates the grand project of refuting transcendental idealism, and begins by setting the foundations for an elaborate and precise ontological system. This is Ingarden’s greatest accomplishment, who is rather known as a theoretician of literature than an ontologist outside of Poland. The most important achievement of Ingarden’s ontology is an analysis of the modes of being of various types of objects – things, processes, events, purely intentional objects and ideas. The three-volume Controversy is perhaps the last great systematic work in the history of philosophy, and undoubtedly one of the most important works in 20th century philosophical literature.

Ontology --- Being --- Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Cosmology --- Phenomenology

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Roman Ingardens Werk über das Kausalproblem führt entscheidend über den Problemstand hinaus, wie er von John Stuart Mill und seinen Nachfolgern gekennzeichnet und seither kaum mehr verändert worden war. Anknüpfend an deren Analyse von Bedingungszusammenhängen unternimmt Ingarden es, die Bereiche und Verteilungen ursächlicher Beziehungen im Sinne relativ isolierter Systeme innerhalb des einen Weltzusammenhanges zu interpretieren. Es gelingt ihm mittels einer formalen Analyse, verschiedene Typen möglicher kausaler Beziehungen zu unterscheiden und insbesondere das Determinismusproblem aus der leidigen Alternative "Zufall oder Notwendigkeit" herauszuführen.

Causaliteit --- Causalité --- Causation --- Oorzakelijkheid --- Ontology. --- Philosophy, Modern. --- Modern philosophy --- Being --- Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy)

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Version remaniée d'un mémoire d'habilitation à diriger des recherches, cette étude examine la notion de substrat dans la philosophie ancienne et en particulier chez Plotin. Celui-ci l'aborde en cherchant à défaire le lien établi entre le substrat et la substance, et plus largement entre la métaphysique comme science de l'être et la question du substrat.

Métaphysique --- Substrat (linguistique) --- Plotin, --- Substance (philosophie) --- Plotin --- Metaphysics --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophie) --- Plotinus --- Métaphysique --- Métaphysique.